When clamping a workpiece, it is crucial to first select the correct clamping points and then choose appropriate clamping forces based on the position of these points. Therefore, the clamping points and support points should be as close as possible, ensuring the clamping force acts on the support. The clamping points should be as close to the machining surface as possible and located in positions where the applied force is less likely to cause clamping deformation.
When multiple clamping forces are applied to the workpiece from different directions, the sequence of applying these forces must be considered. The clamping force that brings the workpiece into contact with the support should be applied first and should not be too large. The main clamping force that balances the cutting force should be applied later.
Secondly, increasing the contact area between the workpiece and the fixture or using axial clamping force is important. Increasing the rigidity of the workpiece is an effective way to prevent clamping deformation. However, due to the shape and structural characteristics of thin-walled parts, they have low rigidity. This can lead to deformation under the applied clamping force.
Increasing the contact area between the workpiece and the fixture can effectively reduce deformation during clamping. For example, in milling thin-walled parts, elastic pressure plates are widely used to increase the contact area of the part. When turning the inner and outer diameters of thin-walled sleeves, whether using simple open transition rings, elastic mandrels, or full-arc jaws, the goal is to increase the contact area during workpiece clamping. This method helps to bear the clamping force and thus prevent part deformation. Using axial clamping force is also widely used in production. Designing and manufacturing special fixtures that apply the clamping force to the end face can solve the problem of bending deformation caused by the thin walls and low rigidity of the workpiece.
